PGS & PGD Testing
Couples use PGS & PGD genetic testing to analyze the chromosome’s set of the embryo and the state of the fetus for common genetic abnormalities—gene mutation or additional chromosomes. In vitro fertilization may turn into an emotional challenge for some couples. IVF preimplantation genetic diagnosis makes it possible to lower the risks of congenital disabilities. This kind of treatment can help women make a responsible decision on getting pregnant.
What is PGD & PDS Genetic Testing?
What are euploid and aneuploid embryos
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) can help you determine euploid or aneuploid embryos early in its development. Euploid embryos have 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs—chances are a baby with such a set will be healthy. Aneuploid embryos may have several chromosomes above or below normal, which is an abnormality in embryo development. There is a risk that the child won’t be carried by the mother or will be born with a genetic disease.
There are so-called mosaic embryos singled out by geneticists. Here the presence of two or more cell lines, each of which has a different genotype within a single embryo, tissue, or individual, can be determined. Chromosomal mosaic embryos contain two or more cell lines with different numbers of chromosomes—for instance, some cells are euploid, and others are aneuploid.
Are PGD & PGS similar tests?
The PGD test detects if the embryo has any inherited genetic diseases. This test is done before the fertilization of the uterus, so it’s possible to check whether the embryo has a specific disease carried by its parents. PGS testing costs may vary, so we recommend couples consulting the clinic to calculate the final price.
With the PGS genetic testing, it’s possible to detect deviations in the chromosomes of the embryo. In most cases, embryos with chromosomal abnormalities do not take root. However, if the pregnancy occurs and the fetus is carried out, a child might be born with a genetic disease. But with PGS, it’s not possible to detect a specific DNA disease.
What are PGS & PGD genetic testing used for?
The primary purpose of the PGS and PGD is similar—namely the birth of a healthy baby and the protection from different risks. These two tests also have similar phases. But there is one main difference—the kind of genome problems detected.
PGS identifies potential genetic diseases that neither parent has. There are no preconditions for a particular disease, but parents want to be protected. This test fits for women with cases of miscarriages, women over 35 years old, or just people who want to make sure that they will have a baby without health issues. The latter are most often people who use artificial insemination because they invest a lot of effort and want to get the result. PGS can detect Turner, Klinefelter, and Down syndrome.
PGD testing services realize a slightly different goal. The people who have a real risk of having a child with various diseases opt for this test. If parents already have a child with genetic disorders, they want to make sure that their second child is not sick. Or healthy people, but one of them is a potential carrier of chromosome abnormalities. PGD can detect sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, trisomy, Huntington’s disease, and other mutations during embryonic development.
Couples use PGS & PGD genetic testing to analyze the chromosome’s set of the embryo and the state of the fetus for common genetic abnormalities—gene mutation or additional chromosomes. In vitro fertilization may turn into an emotional challenge for some couples. IVF preimplantation genetic diagnosis makes it possible to lower the risks of congenital disabilities. This kind of treatment can help women make a responsible decision on getting pregnant.
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Why Choose Us?
You can do such tests in any country in the world: in the USA, Europe, Ukraine, etc. In Georgia, the family is much appreciated. In recent years, reproductive medicine has been developing very actively here. More and more people are coming to Georgia to give birth to a child, or to receive the necessary infertility treatment. And we will be happy to open our doors for you. Here are some reasons to help you decide to get treatment at the Start Your Surrogacy clinic:
Lower prices with no hidden costs.
Responsible team of professionals.
Modern and reliable laboratory equipment.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis steps
PGT is quite complicated. Sometimes it takes days to weeks. The whole process involves five necessary steps, which go in a strict sequence:
- Hormone stimulation. More than one egg must be formed at a time. Particular medications help the artificial stimulation of ovaries.
- Surgically removing the egg from the ovaries.
- Forming two types of cells: for the placenta and for the fetus (usually, it takes 5–6 days). Cells for the test are taken from the placenta.
- Chromosomal testing of the extracted cells. At this stage, the deviations can be determined. This testing may take from a couple of days to a few weeks.
- Transfer of the healthy embryo.
Pros & cons of preimplantation genetic testing
Pros of PGT
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis procedure helps future parents avoid or prepare for serious problems. Despite the high preimplantation genetic diagnosis cost, there are good reasons to consider this step:
- Prevention of having a child with a chromosomal deviation;
- The lowered threat of miscarriages;
- The determination of chromosomal abnormality;
- No need to use several embryo transfers to get pregnant;
- Frozen embryos can be used for future fertilization if the couple wants to become parents for the second time.
Cons of PGT
The procedure has many advantages for a reproductive process. But there are minor disadvantages to testing:
- Sometimes it’s impossible to get an embryo that would be suitable for testing, so it’s impossible to perform the procedure;
- There is a very low risk that the result won’t be 100% correct. That’s why only potential parents make the decision;
- The cost of preimplantation genetic testing might be high.